Diazepam (Valium): Uses & Side Effects

By Smile Avenue Family Dentistry

Diazepam Tablets

What is this medication?

Diazepam, commonly known by the brand name Valium, is a medication prescribed for the treatment of anxiety, seizures, muscle spasms, and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. It falls under a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines, which act on the central nervous system to produce a calming effect.

Understanding the Mechanism of Action

Diazepam works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter in the brain called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). GABA is responsible for transmitting messages between the brain cells and acts as a natural nerve-calming agent. By increasing the activity of GABA, diazepam helps in diminishing the nervous tension and anxiety which are common symptoms in the conditions it is prescribed for.

What should I tell my care team before I take this medication?

Before starting diazepam, it’s important to disclose your full medical history to your care team, especially regarding any substance use disorder, breathing problems, liver disease, kidney disease, mood disorders such as depression, or a history of suicidal thoughts or attempts.

Precautions and Contraindications

There are certain conditions under which the use of diazepam may not be advisable or may require adjustment in dosage. These include pregnancy, as diazepam can potentially harm an unborn baby, and breastfeeding since it can pass into breast milk. Also, for older adults, diazepam may cause more severe side effects, especially drowsiness and loss of coordination, increasing the risk of falls.

How should I use this medication?

Diazepam should be used strictly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. The dosage is based on your medical condition, age, and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or use this medication more often or for longer than prescribed.

Dosage and Administration

The standard dosage for adults may vary from 2 mg to 10 mg, taken 2 to 4 times daily depending on the severity of the condition being treated. For children, the dose must be determined by a healthcare provider. Diazepam is available in both tablet form and as an oral solution, as well as injectable forms for hospital use.

What if I miss a dose?

If you miss a dose of diazepam, take it as soon as you remember unless it is closer to the time of your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

What may interact with this medication?

Diazepam can interact with a number of medications and substances, including alcohol, certain antihistamines, other benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, and opioids. Inform your care team about all other medications you are taking to prevent potential interactions.

Possible Drug Interactions

Besides the mentioned substances, diazepam may also interact with grapefruit juice, smoking, and some antifungal medications like ketoconazole. These interactions can affect how diazepam works or increase your risk for serious side effects.

What should I watch for while using this medication?

While taking diazepam, monitor for side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, or unsteadiness. These could affect your ability to drive or operate machinery safely. Additionally, be aware of any mood changes, depression, or suicidal thoughts, and report these to your healthcare provider immediately.

What side effects may I notice from receiving this medication?

Common side effects of diazepam include drowsiness, fatigue, muscle weakness, and ataxia (loss of control of body movements). If you experience severe side effects such as shallow breathing, severe drowsiness, or a significant change in mood or behavior, seek medical attention promptly.

Where should I keep my medication?

Diazepam should be stored at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store it in the bathroom, and keep it out of reach of children and pets.

Proper Disposal of Diazepam

It’s important to dispose of diazepam properly when it is expired or no longer needed. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Consult with your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more detailed instructions on how to safely dispose of diazepam.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you have taken more than the prescribed dose of diazepam or experience symptoms of overdose such as severe drowsiness, confusion, limp or weak muscles, or fainting, immediately seek emergency medical attention or call a poison control center.